exercise #10

DQ 6,7,8 and Activities - Exercise #9

False Premises

Example: Gas/petrol prices go down when production increases, and demand stays the same.


Two Wrongs
Example: Bill has borrowed Jane's expensive pen, but found he didn't return it. He tell himself that it is okay to keep it, since she would have taken his.
Reference: http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/two-wrongs-make-a-right.html


Stereotyping
Example: All blacks are great basketball players.


Activities: Stereotypes
1- All girls love the color pink.
2- All pilots are men and all stewards are ladies.
3- British people only eat roast beef, nothing else.
4- Stereotyping that all red colored haired people have anger problems.
5- Caribbean people only play reggae and all Spain people hear flamenco music.
6- Stereo typing that all football fans make trouble.
7- Stereo typing that all students don’t clean their own cloths.
8- Stereotyping that retired people don’t have interest in fashion or computers.

DQ 6-False Premises - Exercise #8

6.13
yes the argument is good based on sound reason/ premises that (lower production = higher petrol) 

6.14
No-False: Standing in rain does not load to a cold.

6.15
No-False: If the all people who is live in cities move to the countryside it will be the same problem for  the pollution.

6.16
No-False: The good menu is not important as the good food.

6.18
No-False: There are kids and some people can not marry.

6.19
No-False: Not all the people are doing the same thing.

ARGUMENT 1 – Exercise #7

eBooks is easy to use than printed books

With the advance of phones and tablets eBooks have become a popular reading standard there’s something about the feel of an old-fashioned paper book. The following are some of the advantages of Kindle eBooks over physical.

Kindle eBooks allow us to bring a whole library wherever we go and we can switch between titles with ease and the weight is lighter than a standard paperback.

Bookshelf is located on a small handheld device; this will save a lot of storage space and also means we have a backup online if something happens to our books.

For Kindle Books are often cheaper in the long run because there are no printing fees associated with them. And we can instantly change the darkness of the lettering or the size of font.

In conclusion we can be certain that eBooks are easier to use and often cheaper.

ARGUMENT 1 – Exercise #6

The following are the basic factors of an argument:

·         A position or a point of view

·         An attempt to persuade others to accept that point of view

·         Reasons given to support that point of view.

·         Conclusion

Read the following passage and identify the following:

Main argument:

Cats could pose a risk to pregnant women and those with weak immune systems.

Reasons that support the argument:

1- if pregnant women become infected, the fetus can suffer from a serious congenital damage and the infants may lose their eyesight and the acquisition of motor deficits. 

2- People with poor immune system can get a heart attack or face death.

Conclusion:

There is no way to know if a particular cat is in danger because the symptoms of the disease are not evident in cats.

It is important that pregnant women and those with a poor immune systems become aware of the potential risks posed by cat. Many of us keep cats as house pets without realizing the dangers they may be harboring. Cats are hosts to infectious protozoa that cause disease in mammals such as humans. Adult humans rarely showed signs of significant disease if they become infected. However, if pregnant women become infected, the fetus can become infected by parasites and suffer serious congenital damage. In the worst cases, infants may lose their eyesight and acquire motor deficits. In people with poor immune systems or AIDS protozoa can cause seizure and death. The symptoms of the disease are not evident in cats so there is no way of knowing if a particular cat is at risk. 

Exercise #5

Benefits

Product: New or Used Car

1- Improved attention and observation:

 An example from my real life is when I decided to buy a new car because I was tired of my old car the  Toyota Land Cruiser 2006, because there is no any specifications like the automatic system and the Bluetooth and the economic system of the Petroleum and the navigation system, so I began searching on the Internet for new or used car fit my needs.

 2- More focused reading:

 So when I looked on the internet for cars and specifications, I've researched and read it carefully, and I have visited the big sites of known companies like Toyota, Lexus, Nissan and GMC, And I have read the information about a new and used cars in magazines interested in cars and articles.

3- Improved ability to identify the key points in a text or other message rather than becoming distracted by less important material:

 I decided to buy a new car from Toyota and the car's name is Avalon 2013, because it is the car that I was looking for and fit my needs, and the most important thing that it was have the specifications I need.

4-Improved ability to respond to the appropriate points in a message:
 I'll go to Toyota to try driving a car to see if it is convenient or not.

5-Knowledge of how to get your own point across more easily:
I will ask some questions to the person who works at Toyota; like:
How much the price of the car?
What is good and bad in the car?
Is there a discount on the car?
Are there any offers now or soon about the car?
What types of insurance for the car, and the prices?

6- skills of analysis that you can choose to apply in a variety of situations:
 The best way to buy a new thing is to follow the steps to buy a good thing for you like what I did, And You should ask those who know about something you want to buy it.

Exercise #4

1- Misunderstanding what is meant by criticism:

Some people think criticism is the expression of the negative aspects of human actions or decisions taken by the words of the bad stuff, and forgets about the positives of the acts and decisions.

For example: When I write an article, and there is someone criticizes my article in a bad way I think he hates me.

 

 

2- Lack of methods and strategies:

The lack of methods is when you do not know what to do about something, and if you not know what to do or did not find a way to do it will fail.

For example: If you do not know the way to fix your TV you will not watch the TV.

3-   Lack of practice:

Lack of practice is when you can do something, but you did not do from a long time ago and did not practice it. And you cannot do the same as the past.

For example: If anyone asked me to draw, I cannot draw because I did not practice from a long time ago.

4- Reluctance to criticize those with more expertise:

the man  who have a less experience and he wants to say his opinion to another man have a higher level than him but the man who have a less experience scared or respect the man  who have a higher level and keep his opinion for himself.

For example: Student knows that the professor is wrong in the equation, but the student did not say anything because the professor is higher in the experience and level.

5- Affective reasons:

When you think that emotion is something good in the argument, but it’s not helpful and lose the argument and make you angry.

For example: When you talk with someone who love the apple phone and told him his favorite phone you don't like it he will get mad.

6- Mistaking information for understanding:

Some people do not want to look or find solutions to the problem only they want the solution for the problem.

For example: When you buy a new laptop you go to the shop and you ask him to download the apps for you, and you don’t search for the apps on the internet.

7- Insufficient focus and attention to detail:

When you go deep in every detail that is critical thinking but if you based on superficiality details that is a weak critical thinking.

For example: When I find my telephone is broken and I think that my little brother is the one who did it only because he always breaks My Stuff.